Forensic Architecture / Goldsmiths, University of London
Stockholm University
Goldsmiths, University of London
Critical Media Lab Basel FHNW/ NSCAD, Halifax
Goldsmiths, University of London
University of New Mexico
Tel Aviv University
University of Pennsylvania
Hubbub / Max Planck Intitute for Human Cogntive and Brain Science
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
Ernest G. Welch School of Art and Design / Georgia State University
University of California, San Diego / Strelka Institute for Media, Architecture and Design, Moscow
Wits Insitute for Social and Economic Research
Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Berlin
University of California Santa Cruz
Goldsmiths, University of London
University of Western Australia
University of Washington, Seattle
University of California, San Diego
Penn State University
Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin
Ca’ Foscari University, Venice / Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin
University of Leuven
Stockholm Resilience Centre and Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
Yale University
University of Vienna
King’s College London
HKW
Center for GeoHumanities, Royal Holloway, University of London
The Wilderness Society
Munich Re
Goldsmiths, University of London
University of Southern California and Aarhus University Research on the Anthropocene (AURA)
Resource Strategy, University of Augsburg
University of Illinois at Chicago / School of the Art Institute of Chicago
Potsdam University
Oxford Internet Institute and Alan Turing Institute, London
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva
Enviornmental Humanites Laboratory / Royal Institute of Technology
Concordia University, Montréal
University of Arizona, Tucson
Stanford University / Center for International Security and Cooperation
American University in Cairo
Delft University of Technology
Goldsmiths, University of London
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
University of Lüneburg / Digital Culture Research Lab
University of Georgia
Duke University, North Carolina
University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette
SOAS, University of London
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
University of Chicago
Drexel University
Drexel University, Philadelphia
Rathenau Instituut, The Hague
University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Los Angeles
Barnard College, Columbia University
Sciences Po, Paris
Arizona State University / Global Biosocial Complexity Initiative
Open University, Milton Keynes
Birkbeck, University of London
Columbia University, New York
Stanford University Humanities Center
University of Edinburgh
National Center for Scientific Research, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris
Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin
Indiana University, Bloomington
Stanford University / Program in Science, Technology, and Society
Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto
University of Colorado Boulder
Goldsmiths, University of London
MIT
Cornell University
Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
Stockholm Environment Institute
University of Alberta
Balsillie School of International Affairs, Waterloo, Canada
University of Potsdam
Speculative Design Project
University of Augsburg
King's College London
Technical University of Berlin / Cluster of Excellence “Unifying Systems of Catalysis”
University of Lancaster
Chicago Center for Contemporary Theory, University of Chicago
University of Kansas
Global Studies Institute, Geneva University
Australian National University
University of Pennsylvania
anexact office and Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of Cape Town
MIT
Leuphana University Lüneburg
Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Lysaker
Feminist Research Institute, University of California, Davis
Rice University, Houston
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
University of Leicester / Anthropocene Working Group
School of Sustainability, Arizona State University
Sámi University of Applied Sciences, Kautokeino
Phosphorus is the fifteenth element of the periodic table of elements, and was the thirteenth to be discovered by science. Like the oxygen in the air we breathe and the water we drink, phosphorus makes us up in the flesh. Without it, all living things would perish. Unlike oxygen, however, phosphorus is relatively rare within our everyday environments. This makes phosphorus life-limiting and arguably the most precious of all mineral resources.
The criticality of an element is defined by its economical relevance, the relevance of its most important economic applications and the risks, and future risks of its supply and sustainability. In other words: its current and its future demand and availability.
The human body produces 500 liters of urine and 50 liters of faeces per year. This is equivalent to about half a kilogram of phosphorus. One day’s urine from an adult is sufficient to fertilize a square meter of cropped area for each cropping period.
Understanding Australia’s phosphate mining history puts into context its current controversial relationship with Nauru, Banaba, and Christmas Island (in the Indian Ocean) as refugee detention centres, so critical to the bipartisan Australian policy of stopping asylum seekers who come by sea at all costs.
Monopolies of raw materials are as much political and historical as they are based on ‘natural’ resources. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the growing dependency of national food supplies on fertilizer has turned phosphorus into a critical resource within, and as, the catalyst of geopolitical conflicts. Lino Camprubí tells the (post-)colonial and geopolitical history of the Western Sahara—the last African colony that still exists to this day—and gives historic insight into why Morocco holds approximately 75% of the world’s usable phosphate. Timothy Johnson’s article highlights how World War I exposed the vulnerability of a fertilizer-based agricultural system, but also helped install mineral-fueled agriculture.
Phosphorus is the fifteenth element of the periodic table of elements, and was the thirteenth to be discovered by science. Like the oxygen in the air we breathe and the water we drink, phosphorus makes us up in the flesh. Without it, all living things would perish. Unlike oxygen, however, phosphorus is relatively rare within our everyday environments. This makes phosphorus life-limiting and arguably the most precious of all mineral resources.
The criticality of an element is defined by its economical relevance, the relevance of its most important economic applications and the risks, and future risks of its supply and sustainability. In other words: its current and its future demand and availability.
The human body produces 500 liters of urine and 50 liters of faeces per year. This is equivalent to about half a kilogram of phosphorus. One day’s urine from an adult is sufficient to fertilize a square meter of cropped area for each cropping period.
Understanding Australia’s phosphate mining history puts into context its current controversial relationship with Nauru, Banaba, and Christmas Island (in the Indian Ocean) as refugee detention centres, so critical to the bipartisan Australian policy of stopping asylum seekers who come by sea at all costs.
Monopolies of raw materials are as much political and historical as they are based on ‘natural’ resources. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the growing dependency of national food supplies on fertilizer has turned phosphorus into a critical resource within, and as, the catalyst of geopolitical conflicts. Lino Camprubí tells the (post-)colonial and geopolitical history of the Western Sahara—the last African colony that still exists to this day—and gives historic insight into why Morocco holds approximately 75% of the world’s usable phosphate. Timothy Johnson’s article highlights how World War I exposed the vulnerability of a fertilizer-based agricultural system, but also helped install mineral-fueled agriculture.